Psychology Model Test Paper

Psychology Model Test Paper

Psychology Sample Paper

1. The situation is seen & an important determinant of behaviour. A particular individual can show many different kinds of behaviour under different situational contexts. This individual peculiarity is best described as:

(a) Differentiation

(b) Discrimination

(c) Individuation

(d) Idiosyncrasy

Ans. (b)

2. A/an _____ is a stimulus or event which, when its onset is contingent on a response, decreases, the likelihood that the response will occur again.

(a) Extinction

(b) Reinforcer

(c) Punisher

(d) None of the above

Ans. (c)

3. Attitudes are also learned through _____ holding the same attitude: If you live in a vegetarian household, chances are good that you will become a vegetarian.

(a) Interaction with others

(b) Belief component

(c) Emotional component

(d) Action component

Ans. (a)

4. The Pioneering experiments of _____ were among the first systematic studies of the positive reinforcement principle in instrumental conditioning

(a) Pavlov

(b) Thorndike

(c) Freud

(d) None of the above

Ans. (b)

5. Some groups of positive reinforcers do not work naturally and their ability to reinforce instrumental responses depends upon learning, these are known as

(a) Conditioned reinforcers

(b) Secondary reinforcers

(c) Either (a) or (b)

(d) None of the above

Ans. (c)

6. In instrumental or operant conditioning reinforcement following every occurrence of a particular response is called

(a) Continuous reinforcement

(b) Positive reinforcement

(c) Negative reinforcement

(d) None of the above

Ans. (a)

7. What may be defined as a behavioural trend in the direction of accuracy of performance?

(a) Attitude

(b) Skill

(c) Inclination

(d) None of the above

Ans. (b)

8. To measure attitude, in some cases, individuals are simply asked in a straight forward way to express attitude towards a particular issue, is called______.

(a) Social distance scale

(b) Attitude scale

(c) Interview

(d) Open-ended interview

Ans. (d)

9. What takes place in three stages, Viz, cognitive stage, association stage and automation stage?

(a) Conditioned learning

(b) Skill learning

(c) Sensory learning

(d) None of the above

Ans. (b)

10. Escape learning means

(a) Learning to escape from dangers in life

(b) Learning by negative reinforcement

(c) Learning by positive reinforcement

(d) All of the above

Ans. (b)

11. A number of psychological theories have been suggested to explain how attitude form and why they change. The theories most frequently employed can be______.

(a) Learning theories

(b) Consistency theories

(c) Cognitive-response theories

(d) (b) and (c) only

(e) All of the above

Ans. (e)

12. Consider the following processes

1. Attention

2. Motivation

3. Reaction formation

4. Retention

Which of these are required for observational learning?

(a) 2 and 3

(b) 1 and 3

(c) 3 and 4

(d) 1, 2 and 4

Ans. (d)

13. The process of taking in external events and internal events or converting them into thoughts is called:

(a) Organisation

(b) Adaptation

(c) Assimilation

(d) Internalisation

Ans. (d)

14. Individual’s attempt to maintain consistency among the numerous attitudes he or she holds, is called

(a) Cognitive-response theories

(b) Learning theories

(c) Consistency theories

(d) All of the above

Ans. (c)

15. ______ involves the relations between a person and two attitude objects. The three elements are connected by either favourable attitudes or unfavourable attitudes.

(a) Cognitive-Dissonance

(b) Learning theory

(c) Balance theory

(d) None of these

Ans. (c)

16. Items such as “would exclude from my country” or “would admit to marriage in my family” are found in which attitude measure?

(a) A reference group scale

(b) A social distance scale

(c) An attitude scale

(d) An open-ended interview

Ans. (b)

17. Characteristics of the source which have been shown to increase attitude change are____ and _____.

(a) Credibility, attractiveness

(b) High credibility, high attractiveness

(c) High attractiveness, low attractiveness

(d) High credibility, low credibility

Ans. (b)

18. One of the first investigators to suggest that learning principles could be applied to

attitudes was

(a) Green spoon (1955)

(b) Doob (1947)

(c) Griffitt (1970)

(d) Leon Festinger (1957)

Ans. (b)

19. _____ Sign — learning experiments also emphasize the role of understanding and the development of cognitive schemata

(a) Kohler’s

(b) Tolman’s

(c) Pavlov’s

(d) Hull’s

Ans. (b)

20. ____, in which the reward consequences of any behaviour shape its subsequent enactment, is relevant to attitude formation and change.

(a) Classical conditioning

(b) Instrumental conditioning

(c) Cognitive Dissonance

(d) None of the above

Ans. (b)

21. _____ is/are major way/ways for a person to reduce dissonance.

(a) To change one of the cognitive elements

(b) To add a new cognitive element

(c) To motivate the person

(d) Both (a) and (b)

Ans. (d)

22. Which of the following transfers of learning is also known as neutral transfer?

(a) Positive transfer

(b) Negative transfer

(c) Zero transfer

(d) None of the above

Ans. (c)

23. Stereotypes are a special case of

(a) Attribution processes

(b) Implicit personality theories

(c) Behavioural theories

(d) None of the above

Ans. (b)

24. is the term used to refer to the situation in which individuals change their beliefs or behaviours so that they become more similar to those of other group members.

(a) Attribution

(b) Conformity

(c) Dissonance

(d) None of the above

Ans. (b)

25. In which of the following conditioning, the US (Unconditioned stimulus) precedes the onset of CS (conditioned stimulus)?

(a) Simultaneous conditioning

(b) Trace conditioning

(c) Backward conditioning

(d) None of the above

Ans. (c)